Words similar to misfolded
Example sentences for: misfolded
How can you use “misfolded” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
ER function is critical if protein synthesis and folding is to successfully occur in eukaryotic cells [ 11 12 ] . ER stress, induced by cellular events as diverse as disrupted calcium homeostasis, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and viral infection, leads to accumulation of dysfunctional ER chaperones and misfolded proteins [ 11 ] . Cells respond by one or both of two conserved stress response pathways.
Although the formation of intranuclear inclusions has not been observed in previous studies of Ras-related GTPases, it is a common feature of several neurodegenerative disorders where abnormal proteins containing poly-Gln tracts are synthesized as a result of CAG codon expansions [ 52 ] . Examples include Huntington's disease (huntingtin) [ 53 54 ] , spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) types 1 and 3 (ataxin-1 and ataxin-3) [ 55 56 ] and dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (atrophin-1) [ 57 ] . These poly-Gln protein aggregates typically contain ubiquitin [ 58 ] and members of the Hsp70 chaperone family [ 59 ] , consistent with a proposed pathway for cellular clearance of toxic misfolded proteins.
However, there are many case reports describing patients with progressive neurodegenerative disorders of unknown etiology, collectively referred to as neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease [ 77 ] . While these may consist mainly of unidentified poly-Gln or poly-Ala disorders, the present study raises the possibility that some forms of this disease may arise through unexpected mechanisms, perhaps involving mutations in Rab24 or other poorly characterized members of the Rab GTPase family that mediate trafficking of misfolded proteins within autophagosomes and lysosomes.
Although this model implies that the misfolded poly-Gln protein might be the primary substrate for ubiquitination, a recent study by Suhr et al . [ 60 ] suggests that this may not always be the case.
Therefore, the first possibility is that the presence of Hsp70 and ubiquitin reflects a failed attempt by the cell to eliminate misfolded protein aggregates via the proteasome pathway.
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