Words similar to methylglutaryl
Example sentences for: methylglutaryl
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Patients on dialysis have more coronary artery disease (CAD) and CAD-related mortality than the general population [ 1 ] . Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level is an independent risk factor for patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) [ 2 ] . The 3-hydroxy-3methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) have been associated with decreased all-cause mortality in dialysis patients in a registry-based study [ 3 ] and clinical trials are underway to confirm this benefit [ 4 5 ] .
Statins, potent compounds that inhibit cholesterol synthesis in the liver by blocking 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), have been reported to induce osteoblast activity and lead to bone formation, both in tissue culture and in rats and mice [ 1 2 3 4 5 6 ] . These findings, if confirmed and extended to include humans, have the potential to introduce immediate new treatment options to patients with low bone mass and osteoporosis.
It is generally accepted that the hydroxy acid form of statins are potent inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, an enzyme that plays a critical role in cholesterol metabolism, where they block substrate accessibility to HMG-CoA reductase, effectively subverting cholesterol levels of HDL [ 19 20 21 ] . In addition to lowering cholesterol, statins seem to have a number of additional effects, such as the nitric oxide-mediated promotion of new blood vessel growth [ 22 ] , protection against oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein, as well as anti-inflammatory effects and a reduction in C-reactive protein levels [ 23 ] . All statins limit cholesterol biosynthesis by inhibiting the committed step in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids and sterols [ 24 ] .
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