Words similar to marrow-derived
Example sentences for: marrow-derived
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In some circumstances, CD4 +and CD8 +T cells were rendered inactive in tumor-bearing hosts [ 8 ] . The inactivation of CD4 +T cells has been attributed either to the tumor cells themselves or to bone marrow-derived cells [ 9 10 11 ] , whereas antigen ignorance or loss of memory have been postulated to underlay that of CD8 +T cells [ 12 13 ] . Other studies have suggested that tumor cells can secrete immunosuppressive factors such as TGF-β or express Fas ligand to induce apoptosis of infiltrating lymphocytes [ 14 15 16 ] . Furthermore, the tumor vasculature appears to be quite different from normal blood vessels, in terms of structural organization, interstitial pressure, and flow patterns [ 17 ] , and in reduced lymphocyte and natural killer cell homing and adhesion [ 18 19 20 21 ] . The existence of significant barriers to effective immunological destruction is further illustrated by a mouse model of concurrent multistage tumorigenesis and anti-oncogene autoimmunity, wherein progenitor dysplastic lesions are infiltrated and disrupted, while solid tumors are not [ 22 ] . The hypothesis is that the microenvironment of certain types of solid tumor can serve to locally suppress T cell infiltration.
First, sub-lethal radiation may reduce antigen-specific immune tolerance mediated by bone marrow-derived cells, including regulatory T cells, in the tumor-draining lymph nodes.
Previous studies have shown that adoptively transferred tumor antigen-specific CD4 +T cells can be tolerized in the secondary lymphoid organs [ 9 34 ] , including the RIP-Tag2 model [ 30 ] . Radiation may kill or disable regulatory T cells [ 35 36 ] , or other bone marrow-derived tolerizing cells and prevent the induction of tolerance in adoptively transferred tumor-specific T cells [ 9 ] . Additionally, the high but sub-lethal dose of radiation used leads to significant lymphopenia [ 37 ] . The sudden reduction in lymphocyte number may create the spatial allowance in spleen and lymph nodes necessary for the homing, activation and expansion of he adoptively-transferred T cells.
The failure of capillary regression in the liposome-treated mice can be "rescued" by anterior chamber injection of exogenous bone marrow-derived macrophages [ 34 ] . In agreement with these findings, we observed that absence of macrophages in the vitreous of Bmp4 +/-mice is associated with persistence of these vessels.
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