Words similar to lyase
Example sentences for: lyase
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Following isolation from G. rostochiensis and H. glycines [ 5 ] , cellulases have been identified in M. incognita [ 6 ] , G. tabacum [ 68 ] , H. schachtii [ 69 ] , and P. penetrans [ 70 ] . Additional prokaryotic-like sequences identified in plant parasitic nematodes include other cell-wall-degrading enzymes such as xylanase [ 7 ] , pectate lyase [ 8 71 ] and polygalacturonase [ 72 ] , and evidence is accumulating that these sequences have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer [ 11 ] . The known Meloidogyne cellulase (MI00483.cl), potentially novel cellulases (MI00537.cl, MI01196.cl, MI01381.cl, MI01842.cl), and pectate lyase (MI00592.cl, MI00520.cl) were represented in the M. incognita EST clusters.
In C. elegans , two genes each encode unusual bifunctional enzymes containing both isocitrate lyase and malate synthase domains [ 49 ] . Since the isocitrate lyase domain lies within the amino-terminal half of the C. elegans bifunctional enzyme and none of the Meloidogyne EST reads stretches across both domains, further sequencing of the 3' end of cDNA clones from the M. hapla or M. javanica isocitrate lyase ESTs will be necessary to determine whether the Meloidogyne genus contains a bifunctional glyoxylate enzyme homolog similar to that of
The pectate lyase gene (MI00592) was identified in G. rostochiensis and H. glycines [ 17 ] and the exo-polygalacturonase (MI00252) was identified in our M. incognita data [ 21 22 ] . Because of the obvious role of nematode genes that allow endogenous production of cell-wall degrading enzymes in attacking a plant host, it has been hypothesized that their acquisition by HGT may have been key steps in the evolution of plant-parasitic nematodes from ancestral free-living forms [ 3 ] . In that model, an intermediate, symbiotic association of a soil-dwelling (but free-living) nematode with a soil bacterium possessing these enzymes is postulated before the HGT event.
Nematodes are believed to be unique among animals in utilizing the glyoxylate cycle to generate carbohydrates from the beta-oxidation of fatty acids (reviewed in [ 46 ] ). The glyoxylate pathway, generally found in plants and microorganisms, is similar to the citrate cycle, but relies on two critical enzymes, malate synthase and isocitrate lyase, to bypass two decarboxylation steps.
The amount of GAGs was determined by the amount of Δ 4-hexuronate produced after the eliminative cleavage of each substrate by the corresponding GAG lyase.
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