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Example sentences for: luca
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Eukaryotes have maintained their introns because they confer the capacity to create evolutionary novelty through exon shuffling [ 2 ] . The introns-early theory predicts that at least some of the extant eukaryotic introns are direct descendants of the primordial sequences in the LUCA [ 2 3 4 5 ] . The alternate view, "introns-late", suggests that the last common ancestor was intron-free and that spliceosomal introns have originated in eukaryotes from recent invasions by autocatalytic RNAs (e.g.
An alternative scenario holds that the RDRPs are ancient enzymes that diverged from the evolutionary precursor of DDRP at a very early, pre-LUCA stage of evolution, albeit after the duplication that led to the differentiation of the β and β' versions of the DPBB domain.
The wide spread in different phylogenetic lineages of two other SBHM domains, namely those found in dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase and the glycine-cleaving enzyme, is indicative of their presence in LUCA [ 76 ] . The SBHM of the DDRPs is specifically related to the biotin/lipoate-binding SBHMs.
Hence, considerable diversity of protein domains appears to have emerged prior to the "crystallization" [ 95 ] of a transcription machinery similar to the one that operates in modern cells and probably had been already in place in LUCA [ 96 ] . Similar conclusions regarding the early stages of protein domain evolution have been reached previously as a result of evolutionary analysis of proteins involved in translation, such as aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and GTPases: substantial diversification of protein domains had occurred prior to the "crystallization" of elaborate, modern-type translation machinery [ 66 97 ] .
In contrast, the DPBBs detected in DDRP subunits are universally present in all modern life forms and hence are traceable to LUCA.
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