Words similar to loss-of-function
Example sentences for: loss-of-function
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The M6P/IGF2R is also mechanistically involved in the genesis of human cancer [ 6 20 21 22 23 24 ] . M6P/IGF2R loss of heterozygosity coupled with intragenic loss-of-function mutations in the remaining allele is a common event in human cancers [ 6 20 21 22 ] . Inheritance of a tandem repeat polymorphism in the 3' UTR of M6P/IGF2R furthermore predicts for enhanced susceptibility to oral cancer [ 25 ] . Moreover, tumor cell growth is inhibited when M6P/IGF2R expression is restored to normal while it is increased when gene expression is reduced [ 26 27 28 29 ] . The results of these mutational and functional studies clearly demonstrate that the M6P/IGF2R possesses the characteristics necessary to be classified as a tumor suppressor gene [ 30 ] .
Prior reports of sex differences in COMT expression in humans [ 77 ] as well as effects of gender on behavior in COMT loss-of-function mouse models [ 78 ] and reports of preferential transmission of the low activity Methionine alleles in females with OCD [ 79 ] suggested that gender could interact with ANT performance.
They also showed that only about 40% of the genes had similar loss-of-function phenotypes in both cell lines.
Furthermore, if ASW were simply a loss-of-function allele, given the paucity of genes on the W chromosome, sex-chromosome theory [ 4] suggests that such a gene would be lost.
M6P/IGF2R loss of heterozygosity occurs frequently in human breast, liver and lung cancer [ 6 20 21 22 ] , and the remaining allele of 30 to 50% of these tumors contains an intragenic loss-of-function point mutation in the ligand binding domains [ 35 ] . The M6P/IGF2R is also commonly mutated in gastrointestinal and endometrial malignancies because its coding sequence contains a poly-G region that is a mutational target in tumors with mismatch repair deficiencies and microsatellite instability [ 23 24 ] . Functional studies show that the introduction of an exogenous wild-type M6P/IGF2R into human colorectal cancer cells with a single inactivated allele significantly decreases growth rate and enhances apoptosis [ 26 ] . Conversely, loss of M6P/IGF2R expression promotes cancer cell growth by increasing intracellular signaling from both the insulin-like growth factor I receptor and the insulin receptors [ 36 ] .
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