Words similar to kar
Example sentences for: kar
How can you use “kar” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Logarithmically growing cultures of npa1-1/sec23 and npa2-1/sec13 were shifted to the non-permissive temperature as before and then fixed and processed for IF with polyclonal antibodies against Kar2p to visualize the ER [ 45 ] . The monoclonal antibody mAb414, which recognizes a subset of Nups distinct from Nic96p and Nup170p [ 46 ] , was also used because the GFP fluorescence of the GFP-Nups was more sensitive to fixation when the GFP-Nups were mislocalized than when they remained at the nuclear rim (unpublished observation).
That KAR2 clusters with both groups of genes reflects the dual role of Kar2p in the response to ER-specific challenges and to conditions that generally destabilize proteins throughout the cell, presumably without affecting other aspects of secretion.
However, unlike most of the genes in cluster 58, KAR2 is also induced in response to heat shock, along with the other chaperone genes in cluster 11, by the transcription factor Hsf1p [ 31].
The clustering of KAR2 with both clusters of genes therefore reflects the known induction of the gene by Hac1p as part of the UPR but by Hsf1p following heat shock.
More than 75% (23/31) of the characterized genes within the top 50 genes in this cluster are localized to the ER and participate in various aspects of secretion, including protein folding ( KAR2, LHS1, FKB2, JEM1 ), protein disulfide isomerization ( EUG1, PDI1, ERO1 ), protein glycosylation ( GFA1, PMT3, PMI40, SEC59, WBP1, OST2 ), and forward and retrograde trafficking ( ERD2, ERP1, ERP2, SEC24, SEC13, RET2, RET3, and others [ 21]).
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