Words similar to kainic
Example sentences for: kainic
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The possibility that domoic acid may activate neonatal microglia both in vitro and in vivo is suggested by recent observations with kainic acid, a domoic acid and glutamate analog that can induce upregulation of neonatal microglia scavenger receptor mRNA [ 22 ] and tissue plasminogen activator release [ 23 ] . The putative molecular explanation for these observations has been that kainic acid activates the ionotropic AMPA glutamate GluR4 subunit which has recently been shown to be expressed by activated microglia following transient forebrain ischemia in vivo [ 24 ] . Because this subunit of the AMPA glutamate receptor has affinity for domoic acid [ 25 26 27 ] , we hypothesized that domoic acid might activate neonatal microglia in vitro and lead to concomitant mediator release [ 21 ] .
[ 41 ] with kainic acid support the recently proposed notion that TNF-α might not be neurotoxic in some situations when the release of this mediator is low, and therefore might not be a necessary requirement for neuronal death involving excitatory amino acids [ 49 ] .
also been observed after a 2 hour stimulation of rat neonatal microglia with kainic acid, a domoic acid and glutamate analog [ 41 ] . Taken together, our results with domoic acid as well as those of Noda et al.
Exposure to the marine toxin domoic acid, an excitotoxic amino acid structurally similar to kainic acid and to the neurotransmitter glutamic acid, has been shown to lead to amnesic shellfish poisoning in humans, a condition that can lead to death in extreme cases [ 13 ] . Currently, the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US.
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