Words similar to intermembrane
Example sentences for: intermembrane
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Our previous study showed that functional decline of mitochondria appears in the SOD1 G93Amice as early as 60 to 100 days of age [ 22 ] . This precedes the peak of mitochondrial vacuolation and the onset of the disease by two to three months [ 15 ] . Mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to energy deficiency and ionic imbalance [ 68 ] , elevated ROS and oxidative damage [ 69 ] , and increased sensitivity of neurons to excitotoxicity [ 19 70 71 72 ] . These effects could precipitate MVISE, which trigger cell death programs by releasing pro-apoptotic proteins resided in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, such as cytochrome c, AIF, SMAC/DIABLO, endo G and Htra/Omi [ 73 ] . The absence of cytochrome c in the porous large vacuoles and the presence of cytochrome c in the small vacuoles (Fig.
We present new evidence that, together with the published literature [ 17 ] , unequivocally demonstrates that vacuoles are developed by expansion of mitochondrial intermembrane space and extension of the outer membrane.
These observations agree with an earlier suggestion that vacuoles in the SOD1 G93Amouse model of ALS are derived from the expansion of mitochondrial intermembrane space [ 17 ] . Our subsequent experiments confirm this model.
Patterns of mitochondrial abnormalities revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) suggest a model of vacuole formation by extension of mitochondrial outer membrane and expansion of the intermembrane space (Fig.
Taken together, this study reveals a mitochondrial degeneration mechanism in the CNS, mitochondrial vacuolation by intermembrane space expansion or MVISE.
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