Words similar to inter-patient
Example sentences for: inter-patient
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We have shown that mixing of patient samples effectively normalizes much of the intra- and inter-patient noise, while still identifying the majority of the most significant gene expression changes that would have been detected by larger numbers of individual patient profiles.
An alternative method is to experimentally normalize these variables through mixing of samples from patient groups; such mixing would be expected to average out both intra- and inter-patient variation.
intra-patient variability [different regions of biopsy], versus diagnosis [DMD vs control], versus inter-patient variability [DMD patients in same age group], versus age of patient).
Typically, multiple arrays are compared, with those gene expression changes showing the most consistent fold changes prioritized, although other methods have been reported [ 13 22 26 27 ] . To study inter-patient variability, we defined the gene expression changes surviving four pairwise comparisons with mixed control samples, as we have previously described [ 23 ] . Briefly, four comparisons were done by Affymetrix software (eg.
Epidemiologically, HLA genotype partially accounts for inter-patient variation in disease severity or progression rates for such long-term viral infections as HIV, human T-cell lymphotropic virus, type 1 (HTLV-1), and hepatitis B and C [ 5 6 7 8 9 ] . Such associations can lead to mechanistic studies to test hypotheses about the immunologic basis of these associations [ 10 11 ] and could, in principle, be used to help predict individual prognoses [ 12 13 ] . At least one clinical study has shown that HLA genotype affects the immune response to a candidate HIV vaccine [ 14 ] . Vaccine designers have begun to take account of the HLA genotypes of potential recipients in choosing antigens for inclusion in a vaccine [ 15 ] , and it has been suggested that HLA genotype be considered in designing samples for inclusion in epidemiologic studies of anti-HIV immune response [ 12 ] . In evolutionary biology, the possibility that HLA heterozygotes are more resistant to infectious diseases is the basis for a leading hypothesis to explain the unparalleled diversity of HLA genes (and MHC genes in other vertebrates) and the maintenance of this diversity over long periods of evolutionary time [ 16 ] .
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