Words similar to inter-patient
Example sentences for: inter-patient
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Epidemiologically, HLA genotype partially accounts for inter-patient variation in disease severity or progression rates for such long-term viral infections as HIV, human T-cell lymphotropic virus, type 1 (HTLV-1), and hepatitis B and C [ 5 6 7 8 9 ] . Such associations can lead to mechanistic studies to test hypotheses about the immunologic basis of these associations [ 10 11 ] and could, in principle, be used to help predict individual prognoses [ 12 13 ] . At least one clinical study has shown that HLA genotype affects the immune response to a candidate HIV vaccine [ 14 ] . Vaccine designers have begun to take account of the HLA genotypes of potential recipients in choosing antigens for inclusion in a vaccine [ 15 ] , and it has been suggested that HLA genotype be considered in designing samples for inclusion in epidemiologic studies of anti-HIV immune response [ 12 ] . In evolutionary biology, the possibility that HLA heterozygotes are more resistant to infectious diseases is the basis for a leading hypothesis to explain the unparalleled diversity of HLA genes (and MHC genes in other vertebrates) and the maintenance of this diversity over long periods of evolutionary time [ 16 ] .
Specifically, we studied the correlation coefficients of profiles considering the following variables: 1. variation due to probe production (same RNA); 2. variation due to the microarray itself (same cRNA on different GeneChips); 3. tissue heterogeneity (different regions of the same muscle biopsy); 4. inter-patient variability (SNP noise); 5. diagnosis (underlying pathological variable); and 6. patient age.
To analyze the impact of intra-patient variability (tissue heterogeneity), inter-patient variability (polymorphic noise in outbred populations), and the effect of sample mixing on the sensitivity of detection of gene expression differences between patient groups, we conducted a series of individual and mixed profiling (Table 1).
This showed that sample mixing does indeed average out tissue heterogeneity (intra-patient variability), as well as inter-patient variability.
The above findings suggested that both intra-patient variability (tissue heterogeneity) and inter-patient variability (polymorphic noise) had major effects on the expression profiles.
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