Words similar to incontinence
Example sentences for: incontinence
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Clozapine abolished the electromyogram (EMG) recorded from the EUS during the rising phase of a bladder contraction before urine is voided (similar to the "guarding reflex" [ 8 9 ] ). In addition, clozapine also abolished the high frequency oscillations in the bladder pressure and accompanying bursts in the external urethral sphincter EMG, that are present during the expulsion phase of the micturition profile of the rat [ 7 ] . In the clinical literature, clozapine therapy is associated with a high incidence (up to 44% in a recent study [ 10 ] ) of urinary incontinence and enuresis.
While there are several reports of urinary disturbances following clozapine therapy [ 3 10 15 ] , there are relatively few reports of urinary incontinence with risperidone or olanzapine.
Clozapine is a widely used atypical neuroleptic with affinity for multiple receptors, including dopamine, serotonin, alpha adrenergic, muscarinic and histaminergic receptors [ 1 2 ] . Although clozapine is effective in the treatment of schizophrenia refractory to traditional antipsychotic medication, it also has a number of significant side effects ranging from the potentially fatal but rare agranulocytosis to weight gain, constipation, seizures and urinary incontinence [ 3 ] . Urinary problems have been reported in the clinical literature with incontinence present in up to 44% of patients [ 4 ] and enuresis in 27% of patients [ 5 ] . Since clozapine has potent anti-muscarinic and anti-alpha adrenergic effects [ 2 ] , it has been proposed that peripheral effects on the lower urinary tract might be responsible for the micturition disturbances [ 6 ] . Incontinence has also been reported following therapy with other atypical neuroleptics such as risperidone [ 7 8 9 ] and recently, olanzapine [ 10 ] .
Severe alteration in the levator ani integrity is associated also with fecal incontinence [ 11 12 13 ] .
persistent urinary incontinence).
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