Words similar to hypothalamic
Example sentences for: hypothalamic
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Fasting increased hypothalamic AGRP mRNA as expected in the sham-operated fasted group, and adrenalectomy completely blocked the induction of AGRP by fasting (Fig.
We had previously shown that fasting could regulate hypothalamic gene expression in insulin-deficient mice even though in these mice fasting did not influence plasma leptin or insulin [ 5 ] . Since adrenalectomy blocked the fasting-induced reduction in melanocortin tone in diabetic mice (as it had in euglycemic mice in the first study), these results suggest that effects of fasting on melanocortin tone in diabetic mice may be mediated at least in part by a rise in plasma corticosterone (itself possibly secondary to the reduction in plasma leptin).
The quantity of LH secreted by the anterior pituitary gland is the outcome of an interaction between the amount of hypothalamic GnRH secretion and the level of gonadotrope responsiveness to GnRH [ 7 ] . Quantitatively, gonadotrope responsiveness is more important than the level of GnRH secretion; for example, during the estrogen-stimulated preovulatory surge of LH secretion in the rat there is a 5-fold increase in GnRH secretion but a 50-fold increase in LH secretion [ 7 ] . Moreover, a quantity of GnRH that will evoke a normal preovulatory LH surge during the period preceding ovulation will induce only a small increase in LH secretion at other stages of the estrous cycle [ 7 ] . Similarly, termination of the preovulatory LH surge appears to be due to desensitization of the gonadotrope to GnRH action; in the sheep, a decrease in LH secretion precedes the decrease in GnRH secretion [ 41 ] , whereas in the rat, although the decrease in GnRH and LH secretion are co-incident [ 7 ] , there is evidence that the gonadotrope is already desensitized to GnRH [ 42 43 ] .
examining the role of glucocorticoids in the regulation of hypothalamic gene expression in rats [ 20 ] , using a roughly similar experimental design as in the present study.
These data suggest that in fasting and insulin-deficient diabetes, as in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice [ 9 19 ] , glucocorticoids dominate leptin and insulin levels in determining AGRP expression, whereas insulin and leptin dominate glucocorticoids in determining hypothalamic POMC expression.
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