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Example sentences for: hivan
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Although the difference in serum PTH levels between patients with HIVAN and patients with other causes of renal disease appeared large, it was not significant in Mann-Whitney testing (p = 0.34) or t-tests of logarithmically transformed values of serum PTH (p = 0.64).
[ 15 16 17 ] Such patients may even be more difficult to manage, since the onset of HIVAN could be delayed until these patients develop resistance to the therapy.
[ 24 ] However, this did not prevent development of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with HIVAN and ESRD.
Cumulatively, however, these observations do suggest a mechanism whereby HIV-1 expression in renal epithelium may induce cyclin D 1 : activation of Src-family kinases by Nef would be expected to up-regulate cyclin D 1 gene expression and promote the synthesis and stabilization of cyclin D 1 protein via Src-Ras-MAPK and Src-PI3K-mTOR signal transduction pathways, respectively [ 32 33 34 ] . Interestingly, our unpublished in vitro observations and published data showing marked expression of basic fibroblast growth factor in the interstitium of HIVAN kidneys [ 35 ] suggest that soluble mitogens may be important cofactors with HIV-1 expression to induce cyclin D 1 . Thus, interrupting HIV-1 gene expression should down-regulate cyclin D 1 and correct the phenotypic abnormalities in infected podocytes.
To assess for possible confounding, logistic regression was also performed to assess for significant associations with a history of HIVAN using the same covariates as for Cox Regression as above.
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