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Example sentences for: hiv-
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The p51 subunit is generated via endoproteolytic cleavage of the p66 subunit between Phe 440 and Tyr 441 [ 5 6 ] . The larger subunit (p66) contains both polymerase and RNase H activities, while the smaller subunit (p51) lacks these functions, in context of the heterodimer [ 7 8 ] . However, both the p66 and p51 monomers are functionally inactive when dissociated from each other [ 9 ] . Several years have passed since it was first suggested that agents that could specifically disrupt the dimerization of HIV-1 RT might prove a worthwhile antiretroviral strategy [ 10 ] , though such agents have yet to be developed.
pol -encoded protease to yield the active form of the enzyme [ 1 2 ] . This multifunctional enzyme is responsible for copying the single stranded viral RNA genome into double stranded proviral DNA [ 3 4 ] . HIV-1 RT is a heterodimer consisting of a 66 and 51 kDa polypeptide chain designated as p66 and p51, respectively.
Since CAP in micronized form was shown to cause disintegration of HIV-1 virus particles [ 31 ] , (Fig.
Prior studies in HIV-1 transgenic animals support the model that HIV-1 gene products interact with endogenous mitogenic pathways in infected renal epithelium.
Here, we ask whether infected podocytes expressing HIV-1 genes show the hallmarks of cyclin D 1 -dependent proliferation, specifically the up-regulation of cyclin D 1 transcript and protein expression and the subsequent phosphorylation of pRb on serine 780, a target site of active cyclin D 1 /CDK-4/6 that is not shared with cyclin E/CDK-2 complexes [ 24 ] . Utilizing two well-characterized models of HIVAN pathogenesis, HIV-1 transgenic mice [ 11 12 13 ] and HIV-1 infection of cultured podocytes [ 6 7 8 ] we find not only these hallmarks of cyclin D 1 -dependent proliferation, but also dysregulation of cyclin D 1 expression that normally occurs with cell-cell contact and differentiation [ 25 ] .
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