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Example sentences for: harboring
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To clone TAB1 and TAB2, tab1-1 and tab2-1 mutant strains were transformed with plasmid libraries harboring yeast genomic DNA fragments, and incubated at 25°C for one day before being shifted to 37°C [ 59 ] . Libraries constructed by the laboratories of P. Heiter (ATCC#77164) and R. Young [ 60 ] rescued tab1-1, and a 2μ library (ATCC#37323, [ 61 ] ) rescued tab2-1.
Collectively, these findings imply that the exon 20 T790M mutation was present on the same allele as the exon 21 L858R mutation, and that a subclone of cells harboring these mutations emerged during drug treatment.
One of the hallmarks of cancer includes the accumulation of mutations in key genes, namely DNA repair genes [ 4 ] , tumor suppressor genes [ 5 6 ] , and proto-oncogenes [ 5 6 ] , accompanied by the loss of the wildtype allele, resulting in loss of heterozygosity [LOH, see reviews by [ 7 8 9 ] ]. Pancreatic cancer, which results in the death of approximately 30,000 Americans annually and is the fourth leading cause of cancer mortalities in the United States, exhibits this hallmark [ 10 ] . For example, in pancreatic cancer there is a high incidence of mutations (>50%) in the tumor suppressor genes p16, p53 and DPC4 and approximately 90% of cases coincide with a mutation in the oncogene K- ras 2 [see review by [ 11 ] ]. Furthermore, a significant percentage of tumors harboring a mutated copy of DPC4 or p53 also lose the corresponding wildtype allele, resulting in LOH [see reviews by [ 11 12 ] ].
When cells harboring conditional-lethal temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations in any of these proteins are shifted to the restrictive temperature, they uniformly arrest in late anaphase as large-budded cells with segregated chromosomes, fully elongated microtubule spindles, and in all tested cases, elevated Cdc28/Clb2 protein kinase activity (Cdc28 is the major cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1 and Clb2 the major mitosis-specific cyclin of budding yeast) (reviewed in [ 1 ] , [ 2 ] ).
Cells harboring the pat1-114 ts allele were induced to enter meiosis [ 56 ] and were collected after 3 hours of meiotic induction.
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