Words similar to gland
Example sentences for: gland
How can you use “gland” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
For instance, MMTV-Cdc37 transgenic mice develop mammary gland tumors at a rate comparable to that observed previously in MMTV-cyclin D1 mice, indicating that Cdc37 can function as an oncogene in mice and suggests that the establishment of protein kinase pathways mediated by Cdc37-Hsp90 can be a rate-limiting event in transformation [ 76 ] . Also, analysis of proteins that co-immunoprecipitated with Cdk6 and Cdk4 has shown complexes containing both Hsp90 and Cdc37 [ 77 78 79 ] .
In mouse models, over-expression of TGF-β 1 in the mammary gland protects against tumorigenesis [ 11], whereas local inactivation of the type II TGF-β receptor enhances tumorigenesis [ 32].
In the present study, we used a carcinogen-induced rat model of mammary carcinogenesis to test whether chemoprevention by tamoxifen and by two different retinoids (4-HPR, also known as fenretinide; and 9-cRA) is associated with local upregulation of TGF-βs in the initiated mammary gland.
Flank gland grooming was unaffected by drug treatments (F (2,15) = .009 p > 0.9)
The evidence that adolescent diet may affect the risk of breast cancer derives from several lines of evidence [ 1 ] . Rates of breast cancer among Asian immigrants to the United States do not approach those of US white women until the second or third generation, suggesting that exposures during childhood and adolescence are important in establishing a higher risk of breast cancer [ 2 3 ] . Norwegian women who were adolescents during World War II, when average caloric intake decreased by 22%, have a reduced incidence of breast cancer, suggesting that energy restriction might affect risk [ 4 ] . Similarly, in animal models, energy restriction in the peripubertal period inhibits mammary tissue proliferation and reduces the subsequent risk of mammary tumors [ 5 6 ] . Exposure of rats to carcinogens before first pregnancy increases the incidence of mammary tumors compared with exposure after first pregnancy [ 7 ] . After differentiation of the mammary gland at the time of first full-term pregnancy of the rat, the rate of cell division decreases and length of the cell cycle increases, allowing more time for DNA repair [ 8 ] . This biologic phenomenon might explain the apparent vulnerability of the adolescent breast tissue to carcinogenic exposures.
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