Example sentences for: fxr
How can you use “fxr” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
With the recent discovery that bile acids represent the natural ligands for the nuclear receptor FXR [ 10 11 12 ] , there is heightened interest in identifying the genes that are regulated by bile acids.
Recently, it was discovered that bile acids are the natural ligands for a nuclear receptor termed farnesoid x receptor (FXR; NR1H4) [ 10 11 12 ] . Therefore, bile acids may be important regulators of gene expression in the liver and intestines.
A number of RXR heterodimer complexes have been categorized as either permissive or non-permissive based on their responses to RXR ligands [ 1 ] . Although there are some reported discrepancies, the PPAR, FXR and NGF-IB/NURR1 complexes are generally considered permissive, while the non-permissive group includes the RAR, TR and VDR complexes (see [ 2 3 4 5 6 7 ] ). In the permissive complexes, coactivators can presumably bind to the AF-2 surface of both partners and binding to the RXR partner is stimulated by rexinoid agonists.
To date, the genes that have been shown to be responsive to regulation by FXR encode proteins involved in the biosynthesis and transport of bile acids [ 13 ] . Bile acids have been shown to modulate a variety of other cellular functions, such as secretion of lipoproteins from hepatocytes [ 14 15 ] and translocation of bile acid transporters to the hepatocyte canalicular membrane [ 16 ] . In McNtcp cells, which are liver-derived cells engineered to transport bile acids actively [ 17 ] , taurine-conjugated bile acids induce the formation of intracellular vesicles that resembles structures observed in cholestatic liver cells without apparent cellular cytotoxicity [ 1 18 ] . In contrast, glycine-conjugated bile acids promote apoptosis in these cells [ 19 ] . Thus, different classes of conjugated bile acids stimulate distinctive responses in McNtcp cells.
This finding is different from two RNA-binding proteins, FXR1P and FXR2P, that were identified through their interaction with another polysomal-associated RNA-binding protein, the fragile X mental retardation protein [ 21 ] . Both FXR1P and FXR2P are associated with the polyribosomes [ 22 ] .
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