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Example sentences for: fir
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Previously, we identified correlations between large-scale variation in winter climate, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) [ 9 ] , and: predation efficiency of wolves ( Canis lupus ), mortality of old moose ( Alces alces ), and growth dynamics of balsam fir ( Abies balsamea ) on Isle Royale [ 6 ] . Additionally, we have documented influences of the NAO, wolf predation, and density dependence on the intrinsic rate of increase in the moose population on Isle Royale [ 10 ] . Hence, the current analysis was motivated by the results of these earlier attempts to dissect the relative contributions of intrinsic and extrinsic processes to the dynamics of this community, as well as by a more general interest in developing a community-level model of climatic effects at and among multiple trophic levels that may subsequently contribute to our understanding of the implications of climatic change for community stability.
The results of our analysis corroborate previous observations of the limiting influences of winter climate in moose population dynamics [ 18 ] , of the mediating influence of winter climate in wolf-moose interactions [ 19 ] , of the roles of wolf predation and density dependence in moose dynamics [ 10 20 ] , and of the direct influence of winter climate on growth dynamics of balsam fir [ 6 ] on Isle Royale.
As well, in the most parsimonious model of fir dynamics (Table 1), the lag-one autoregressive term includes the coefficients quantifying the influences of moose on fir (coefficient c 2 from equation 2c) and of fir on moose (coefficient b 3 from equation 2b).
In full agreement with the pure AR structure of the time series, the most parsimonious ecological model of wolf dynamics was an AR(1) model with current-year climate as a covariate (Table 1a); the best model of moose dynamics was an AR(3) model with current-year climate as a covariate (Table 1b); and the best model of fir dynamics was an AR(1) model with current-year climate as a covariate (Table 1c).
Turn west at Parksville to cross the island on Highway 4. This takes you through some of the province’s finest forestland: the red cedar of canoes, totem poles and longhouses; stately Douglas fir, mainstay of white man’s bridges, boats, houses, and flagstaffs; and the good old Sitka spruce Christmas tree.
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