Words similar to filament
Example sentences for: filament
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In the lens, alpha-crystallin also associates with type III intermediate filament proteins and the beaded filament proteins CP49 and CP115, and correct beaded filament assembly has been shown depend on the presence of alpha-crystallin [ 16 ] . Beaded filament mRNA levels are greatly increased in differentiating lens epithelium and have been suggested as a pan-specific marker for lens fiber development [ 17 ] . Alpha-crystallin has also been shown to interact directly with DNA [ 18 ] . In transfected CHO cells, alphaB has also been shown to ectopically localize to interphase nuclei, suggesting a role for this protein in the nucleus [ 19 ] . A nuclear role for alphaB in the lens was supported by the findings that a subset of lens epithelial cells derived from alphaB knockout mice demonstrated hyperproliferation and genomic instability [ 20 ] . In addition, the administration of exogenous alpha-crystallin to primary bovine lens epithelial cell cultures resulted in the formation of lentoid bodies, consistent with a role for these proteins in lens differentiation [ 21 ] . These findings indicate that alpha-crystallin may have a multitude of in vivo functions.
The question of how myosin II thick filament assembly is regulated within living cells, however, remains mostly unanswered.
As specialized proteins of the intermediate filament protein family, lamin A/C is found at the inner nuclear membrane where it forms a scaffold that interacts with a network of membrane bound and nucleoplasmic proteins in addition to chromatin [ 3 4 5 ] . Mutations in the gene encoding the nuclear membrane protein emerin produce autosomal recessive Emery Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy, a disorder that phenotypically overlaps the neuromuscular and cardiovascular features seen with lamin A/C mutations [ 6 ] . Consistent with this, lamin A/C directly binds emerin [ 7 8 ] . Lamins A and C are broadly expressed in many different cell types and are primarily expressed in terminally differentiated cells.
There follows a rapid winding up of the filament into a double-strand helix by a process of supercoiling that is triggered by the impediment of the twisting motions that accompany cell growth [ 2 ] . The cells in double-strand helical structures also twist as they grow.
Objects in nuclei recognized by antibodies specific for phosphoprotein epitopes, cytoplasmic IFs, or both, have been reported in glial and neuronal cells, in situ and in vitro . The nuclear structures appear spherical or rod-like and may have a positional relationship with nuclear pores [ 1 2 3 4 ] . Morphologically, these structures appear similar to the nuclear "speckles" that are thought to be storage sites for RNA splicing factors [ 5 6 7 ] . However, while intermediate filament (IF) phosphoproteins could be components of nuclear speckles, they are immunologically distinct.
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