Words similar to fertilization
Example sentences for: fertilization
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indicating a possible role for HSP70 in fertilization [ 41 ] ). An egg-surface sperm receptor, identified on sea urchin oocytes, bears a sperm-binding domain with sequence similarity to HSP70 and its recombinant protein binds sperm and inhibits fertilization in vitro [ 42 ] . Among the other molecular chaperones described here, calreticulin has been found in oocytes from a number of species [ 43 ] . Interestingly, Munoz-Gotera et al.
Fertilization triggers a rotation of the cortex relative to the cytoplasm that is associated with the movement of dorsal determinants from the vegetal pole to the future dorsal region of the embryo (Gerhart et al.
The Sperm Adhesion Molecule 1 (SPAM1 or PH-20) is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked protein found on all mammalian spermatozoa that have been examined, and has been reported to play multiple roles in fertilization [ 1 ] . Although a recent gene targeting study indicates that in mice, which have four active non-somatic hyaluronidases, Spam1 is not essential for fertilization [ 2 ] ; this is unlikely to be the case in humans where SPAM1 is the only such hyaluronidase present.
There is now compelling evidence demonstrating that CD9, a tetraspan membrane protein, is present on the oolemma and essential for sperm-egg fusion, possibly by organizing functional multimolecular complexes in the egg [ 7 ] . Glycosyl-phophatidyniositol (GPI)-anchored proteins have also been described on the oolemma and implicated in sperm-egg fusion; removal of GPI-anchored protein from the egg plasma membrane results in greatly reduced fertilization rates without affecting sperm-zona pellucida binding [ 8 ] . Other egg surface molecules are the adhesion molecules NCAM, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and ECAD [ 9 ] , and the selectins [ 10 ] . Additionally, the IgG receptor [ 11 ] , complement receptors C1q [ 12 ] , CD35 and CD11b, [ 13 ] and the Fc gamma receptors [ 14 ] exhibit oolemmal expression in a variety of mammalian species.
Identification and molecular characterization of such proteins will provide much insight into the regulation of fertilization and early embryogenesis.
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