Words similar to fentanyl
Example sentences for: fentanyl
How can you use “fentanyl” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Muscular rigidity of fentanyl has been suggested to occur via several mechanism involving glutamatergic pathways [ 25 ] , serotonergic system [ 26 ] as well as noradrenergic system [ 27 28 ] . One other potential pathway may be via regulation of dopaminergic system as suggested before [ 29 ] possibly via δ opioid receptor system as explained here.
It has been reported that stimulation of δ opioid receptors can cause inhibition of dopamine release in striatal pathways, resulting in muscular rigidity [ 19 ] . The present report shows that although fentanyl has low affinity and low potency at δ opioid receptor, it is highly efficacious at these receptors.
Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid ligand belonging to the phenylpiperidine family of ligands.
Our data clearly show that nalbuphine is a potent agonist at the μ opioid receptor with an efficacy similar to that of morphine, thus agreeing with in vivo data showing that morphine and nalbuphine are equally potent as analgesics [ 33 ] . However, other reports have described nalbuphine as a "mixed agonist/antagonist" with agonism at κ opioid receptors and antagonism at μ opioid receptors based on in vivo data [ 11 33 ] . This categorization is likely due to the fact that nalbuphine has been shown to reduce the ventilatory depressant effect of other opioids, while adding to their analgesic effect [ 33 ] . Nalbuphine is also used clinically to reduce the opioid-mediated side effects such as itching, without completely reversing the analgesic effects of the full agonists [ 34 35 36 ] . According to our data, although nalbuphine is clearly a potent agonist at μ receptors, its levels of agonism is significantly lower than the very efficacious drug fentanyl and the endogenous ligand β-endorphin.
While fentanyl is a full agonist at δ opioid receptors, morphine is only a partial agonist.
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