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Example sentences for: exconjugant
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Following pair-wise mating (conjugation), each exconjugant replaces its old parental MAC with a new MAC, developed from a mitotic daughter of its genotypically new zygotic nucleus (review: [ 14 ] ). The mitotic sister of the MAC precursor (anlage) is set aside as the new diploid germline MIC, which is then heterochromatically silenced; all known gene expression is from the MAC or MAC anlage [ 15 16 17 ] . Once the anlage begins differentiation, the old MAC is apoptotically destroyed [ 18 ] . The mature exconjugant resumes feeding and establishes a vegetative clone (a karyonide) propagated by binary fission, in which the MIC replicates as a typical diploid mitotic nucleus and the MAC replicates amitotically.
The in vitro properties of telomerase are consistent with its known role in creation of MAC telomeres in Tetrahymena [ 41 ] , as well as, presumably, in all other ciliates [ 9 ] . Telomerases from exconjugants of Tetrahymena and Euplotes have been extensively studied in vitro . The E. crassus enzyme can only act on oligomers that pair with telomerase template RNA at their 3' terminus, unless assisted by a dissociable factor (chromosome healing factor), which contributes extra mass to the enzyme in exconjugants [ 42 ] . Telomerase, assisted by this factor, still requires a block of dGs or telomere repeats internal to the 3' primer end [ 43 ] . In contrast, the Tetrahymena exconjugant enzyme can add to a primer completely devoid of telomere repeats in special reaction conditions, and shows no evidence of increased mass beyond that of the vegetative enzyme [ 44 ] .
Furthermore, the in vitro exconjugant enzyme of Euplotes crassus can cap non-telomeric DNA, aided by Chromosome Healing Factor [ 42 ] . That Euplotes is more closely related to Oxytricha than to Tetrahymena tentatively supports our assumption that telomerase can heal ends well after the binder/cutter has acted.
A karyonide is a clone of cells established by an emerging exconjugant - that is, a clone of cells that have the same ancestral, developed new MAC [ 58 ] . If random erosion is responsible for the heterogeneity we see, then it should be different in each different karyonide.
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