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Example sentences for: erks
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cPLA 2 is phosphorylated by mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinases, including p42/p44 ERKs and p38, on Ser 505in vitro [ 16 17 ] and in response to receptor stimulation [ 16 18 19 20 21 ] . In addition to phosphorylation by MAP kinase, it has been shown that cPLA 2 is also phosphorylated on Ser 727by MAPK-interacting kinase I (MNKI) [ 22 ] and on Ser 515by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II [ 23 ] . Phosphorylation of these sites may also play a role in regulating cPLA 2 function in certain cell models.
Similar to DSLET, EGF (5 ng/ml) produces a robust activation of ERKs in δ-OR-expressing HEK-293 cells after a 5 minute treatment (Figure 2a).
The MEK1/ERK pathway regulates cPLA 2 and ERKs phosphorylate cPLA 2 on Ser 505.
1 cells, without constitutively active ERKs, AA release is delayed after [Ca 2+] i mobilization, and is temporally correlated with ERK activation [ 40 ] , whereas in MDCK cells with constitutively active ERKs, AA release is rapid, with significant AA release measured 30 s after [Ca 2+] i increase [ 15 ] . This temporal correlation between AA release and ERK activation has also been reported in CHO cells in response to PAF stimulation [ 35 41 ] . These results support the observations made here that ERK activity is required for phospholipid hydrolysis independently of cPLA 2 translocation.
In one study, the β 2 -AR activates ERK through it's coupling to a PTX-sensitive G i protein and subsequent Ras activation [ 24 ] , while, in another, ERK phosphorylation occurred in a PTX-independent and a G s - and cAMP-dependent fashion [ 25 ] . Furthermore, these studies indicate that the same receptor may activate ERKs via one mechanism when it is endogenously expressed and via another when it is transfected into a cell line [ 25 ] .
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