Words similar to envenomation
Example sentences for: envenomation
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Crotalus viridis viridis (western rattlesnake) and Agkistrodon contortrix laticinctus (copperhead) and two phospholipase A 2 myotoxins, CVV myotoxin and ACL myotoxin, isolated from them [ 46 ] . Empirical use of Eclipta prostrata alcoholic extracts to treat crotalid envenomation are supported by these studies [ 12 ] .
These compounds may have played a role in the inhibitory effect observed, probably owing to the chelation of the zinc required for the catalytic activity of venom's haemorrhagic metalloproteinases [ 45 ] . Reduction in the intensity of the effects of envenomation could also be achieved by a neutralisation of the venom peptides, polypeptides, proteins and enzymes [ 38 11 ] . There are plants used for snakebite that act by inhibiting the proteolytic activities of the venom and antagonising crotoxin-induced haemolysis, myotoxic and haemorrhagic activities of crotalid venoms [ 46 ] .
Some harmless snakes in the Colubridae family like Leptodeira annulata ashmeadi , Leptophis ahaetulla coeruleodorsus , Clelia clelia clelia , Helicops angulatus , Liophis species, Oxybelis aeneus , Pseudoboa neuwiedii , Thamnodynastes species, and Tripanurgos compressus , Erythrolamprus species, Siphlophis cervinus , Oxyrhopus petola petola , may bite and cause a reaction or mild envenomation [ 7 ] . The last three are called false corals since they mimic true coral snakes for protection.
Aristolochia rugosa and Aristolochia trilobata are recorded in a list of plants used worldwide and in the West Indies, Venezuela, South and Central America against snakebites and scorpion stings [ 51 52 24 43 40 53 ] . Caribs in Guatemala use Aristolochia trilobata root and tuber decoctions for stomach pains and use leaf tinctures for diarrhoea [ 55 ] . Aristolochic acid inhibits inflammation induced by immune complexes, and nonimmunological agents (carrageenan or croton oil) [ 56 ] . Aristolochic acid inhibits the activity of snake venom phospholipase (PLA 2 ) by forming a 1:1 complex with the enzyme [ 56 40 38 ] . Since phospholipase enzymes play a significant part in the cascade leading to the inflammatory and pain response, their inhibition could lead to relief of problems from scorpion envenomation [ 11 ] .
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