Words similar to enterocyte
Example sentences for: enterocyte
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The resulting enzyme is both mislocalized and unstable [ 27 ] . Another mutation, Q1098P, was found to cause retention of SI in the transport pathway between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus [ 28 ] . An unusual mutation, Q117R, that alters the structure close to the O-glycosylated stalk domain, leads to random distribution of the enzyme to both the apical and basolateral cell membranes [ 29 ] . An unusual human mutation that causes SI to be secreted rather than retained in the plasma membrane demonstrates that the enzyme is required to be at the enterocyte cell surface [ 30 ] .
These observations are the first to demonstrate regulation of CaT1 expression by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in the human enterocyte and are consistent with a new model of intestinal calcium absorption wherein vitamin D-mediated changes in brush border membrane CaT1 levels could be the primary gatekeeper regulating homeostatic modulation of intestinal calcium absorption efficiency.
The coordinated vitamin D-dependent induction of the cytosolic calcium-binding protein calbindin D could serve this function when the need for transcellular calcium flux is high by acting directly or indirectly as a molecular sponge and selectively removing calcium ions from the CaT1 channel and/or to buffer increases in intracellular calcium, thereby preventing premature inactivation of this I CRAC channel [ 15 ] . Calbindin D could also play its traditionally conceived role as a calcium chaperone protein to facilitate the transfer of calcium through the cytosol [ 32 ] and perhaps delivery of Ca ++to the basolateral ATP-dependent calcium pump for extrusion out of the enterocyte [ 33 ] .
Changes in the rate of vectorial Ca transport in the intestine however must be accomplished without a major disruption in the free intracellular Ca concentration, which is used as an important intracellular signal in the enterocyte [ 5 ] as in other cells.
Studies in human duodenal biopsy specimens have found a significant correlation between CaT1 mRNA and calbindin D mRNA expression [ 16 ] . Thus, as a working hypothesis, we propose that during times of dietary calcium stress, or during periods of high calcium demand, CaT1 expression in the enterocyte is increased by a vitamin D-dependent mechanism.
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