Words similar to effector
Example sentences for: effector
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However before this picture about the involvement of NK cells in LAK activity emerged there existed considerable controversy regarding the type of effector cells mediating this activity, particularly concerning the relative contributions by the two lymphocyte populations, NK Vs cytotoxic T cells [ 5 6 7 8 9 ] . Experiments in which, depletion of Asialo-GM (a glycolipid present on the surface of NK cells) was carried out, demonstrated, that the generation of LAK cells followed by IL-2 stimulation was considerably reduced, thereby confirming that the NK cells are the major contributors of LAK activity [ 10 ] . Further, studies with sorted pure populations of CD3/NK cells also showed that the LAK phenomenon is predominantly mediated by IL-2 activated NK cells.
The role of specific chemokines in arthritis is still controversial, and further investigation is necessary to delineate to specific roles of these effector molecules.
Note that we used different ratios of the CD4 +CD25 +regulatory T cells to the effector cells, and we did not observe any suppression of arthritis development.
Both precursor and effector cells of this activity were typically NK cells [ 11 ] . Direct evidence that NK cells are the mediators of LAK activity came from Immunotransmission Electron microscopic studies using colloidal gold labeled antibodies in which CD16 positive cells were shown to extend their protrusions deep into the target cells and it was found that the cytoplasmic granules and vacuoles of CD16 positive LAK cells were concentrated in the area of the binding site [ 12 ] . With the advent of flowcytometry and immunophenotyping we thought we could approach this dilemma in a different but simple and straightforward manner.
Thus, in considering models of Ptc function based on Hh-stimulated effects it is important to consider whether the form of Smo that is being observed is the active (coupler/effector bound) signaling state, or perhaps a downregulated and inactive form.
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