Words similar to effector
Example sentences for: effector
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Although the naïve/memory phenotype of T cells has previously been investigated in RA in numerous studies using CD45RA and CD45RO expression as markers of naïve and memory cells, respectively, that approach has suffered from the limitation that large numbers of CD45RA +CD8 +T cells are actually effector memory cells [ 10 13 ] . The CD45RA/CD45RO oversimplification has also resulted in rather confusing conclusions regarding T-cell homeostasis, such as defects in primary T-cell homeostasis based on reduced T-cell receptor excision circle (TREC) levels in naïve CD4 +T cells (defined as CD45RO -) in RA patients [ 14 ] . Our findings suggest that reduced TREC levels in the CD45RO -CD4 +T-cell population may not be due to a reduction in TRECs in naïve cells but rather to reduced TRECs in the CD45RA +CD45RO -CD62L -effector memory CD4 +T cells.
A positive correlation was found between the age and the percentage of CD45RA +CD62L -terminally differentiated effector memory CD8 +T cells in the healthy control group (
It has been recently appreciated that sufficient concentrations of secreted IFNg may also induce susceptible tumors to express the MHCII molecules, potentially leading to increased direct contact with CD4+ T cells [ 3 ] . Even though some reports indicate that tumor sensitivity to IFNg is not required to elicit tumor regression [ 4 ] , it is conceivable that the IFNg-induced MHCII expression on tumor cells may boost the effector phase of antitumor responses through additional cytokine release or direct tumor eradication by CD4+ T cells.
The effector NF-κB transcription factor of the Imd pathway is Relish, which upon immune activation is cleaved by the Dredd caspase (Figure 2).
Further understanding of LHC assembly requires a better knowledge of the characteristics of the reaction catalyzed by Chl(ide) a oxidase and whether Chl b is restricted to these complexes because LHCP serves as a specific effector of the oxidation of Chl(ide) a or whether the protein simply provides binding sites for Chl b and prevents its conversion back to Chl a [ 45 ] . The latter appears less likely as a specific effect, because similar ligands should occur in other proteins.
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