Example sentences for: downstream

How can you use “downstream” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:

  • Disruption of this domain triggered an elevated caspase 3-dependent apoptotic response and affected downstream proteins such as DFF45 and PARP.

  • Activation of ROCK1 occurs when a Rho protein binds to the Rho-binding domain, causing a conformational change that opens the kinase domain for the phosphorylation of downstream effectors [23].

  • Activation of the JNK pathway can lead to the phosphorylation of downstream members including c-jun that belongs to the AP-1 transcription factor family [ 12 52 ] . Because results from this study indicated that JNK pathway was activated by 25-OH-cholesterol, one could expect that AP-1 would be activated in cells treated with cholesterol oxides.

  • Further microarray analysis is underway to pinpoint whether the cause simply lies downstream of the insulin/IGF-1 pathway or whether it is something different altogether.

  • If we arbitrarily assign the node with the lower estimated expression to a level of unity and assume an equal error variance in both treatment and control, there are only two parameters to estimate: the mean expression level of the higher-expressed node, and their common error variance 2. Figure 2ashows contour plots of the likelihood functions (see Materials and methods) for genes for three yeast transcriptional regulators ( MSN4 , HSF1 and GCR1 ) that could potentially be responsible for observed downstream changes discussed later in this text.


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