Words similar to diapause
Example sentences for: diapause
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There has been little progress towards identifying the genetic control of diapause in insects.
It has been assumed that the order of magnitude difference in developmental rate between the two forms is due to diapause in the sexually-produced embryos [ 8 ] . However, detailed embryological studies of sexually-produced embryos has yet to be conducted, so this remains an assumption.
Once winter has commenced, diapause ends and the insect enters post-diapause quiescence, relying on persistent low temperatures to maintain developmental arrest [ 27 ] . This appears to be the case in A. pisum . The aphid clone used for the experiment would normally oviposit in mid-October, when the average daily temperature is 9°C with a maximum of 15°C [ 32 ] . By day 28 the embryos would be exposed to average daily temperatures of 3°C.
Diapausing embryos of the orthopteran Austroicetes cruciata undergo slow development for the first two months of diapause, before entering a resting stage [ 24 ] . Similarly, caterpillars of Cirphus unipunctata and Laphygma exigua continue to feed and develop during diapause, albeit at a much-reduced rate [ 25 ] , and caterpillars of the corn-stalk borer Sesamia nonagriodes undergo non-stationary moults during diapause [ 26 ] . These examples hint that the expression of diapause-controlled dormancy may vary between species [ 2 ] . Consequently, diapause could be considered extreme regulation of developmental rate, rather than a shutting down of morphological development.
Since heat-shock proteins are also involved in cell cycle arrest, however, they may play a more central role in the regulation of diapause [ 1 ] . Heat-shock proteins are also typically heat inducible, and so fit with the concept of a temperature dependent 'inhibitory factor' [ 33 ] . Additionally, high levels of heat-shock proteins may disrupt development [ 41 ] , which could help explain the developmental defects observed in embryos maintained at 16°C.
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