Words similar to diadenosine
Example sentences for: diadenosine
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Because diadenosine polyphosphate levels vary with time in culture, generating a higher or lower range of values in independently conducted experiments, we did not average values obtained in separate experiments.
An added benefit of these constructions is the availability of yeast strains that possess high levels of dinucleoside polyphosphates and at the same time express a mutant Fhit-homologous protein, because these are conditions which have been postulated to constitute the signaling form of Fhit [ 16 ] . Finally, using controlled genotypes we revisited conditions that lead to increased accumulation of dinucleoside polyphosphates [ 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 ] . Recognizing that hnt2 deletion is a pathological condition, we were particular interested in identifying conditions that lead to accumulation of such compounds in cells that contain a functional HNT2 gene, rather than simply identifying conditions that produce diadenosine polyphosphate accumulation in the absence of Hnt2.
When diadenosine 5',5"'-( P 1, P 2-methylene- P 3-thio)- P 1, P 3-triphosphate [ 17 ] was crystallized with wild-type and mutant Fhit, the α-phosphorothioate group was found in the mutant but not wild-type active site, suggesting that α-phosphorothioate inhibitors may be slow substrates [ 12 ] . Similarly, Frey and co-workers found that Fhit slowly cleaves both R p and S p stereoisomers of γ-( m -nitrobenzyl)-adenosine 5'- O -(l-thiotriphosphate) with modest and similar beneficial effects on K m as compared to the corresponding phosphate [ 13 ] .
Human Fhit [ 14 ] and the S. cerevisiae Fhit homolog [ 13 ] , which was called Aph1 but is here termed Hnt2 under nomenclature aproved by the Saccharomyces Genome Database, cleave ApppA more readily while Aph1, the S. pombe homolog, cleaves AppppA more readily [ 20 ] . Consistent with the ApppA hydrolase activity of purified Fhit protein, most cancer cell lines that are Fhit negative at the protein level have higher levels of ApppA than cell lines that are Fhit positive [ 21 ] . Nonetheless, the actual concentrations of dinucleoside polyphosphates were submicromolar in every cell culture sample [ 21 ] and thus, under the reported culture conditions, the measured dinucleoside polyphosphates would not be expected to occupy the Fhit active site substantially [ 19 ] . Dinucleoside polyphosphate levels were measured in adenine-requiring S. cerevisiae strains before or after disruption of the Fhit-homologous HNT2 gene [ 13 ] and in adenine-requiring S. pombe strains as a function of disruption and overexpression of the Fhit-homologous aph1 gene [ 22 ] . Recently, it was observed that diadenosine polyphosphates undergo a divalent cation-dependent conformational change that might mediate their biosynthesis, catabolism or signaling properties [ 23 ] .
Larger increases in AppppN concentrations have been seen with disruption of Apa1 and Apa2, the diadenosine tetraphosphate phosphorylases in S. cerevisiae [ 34 35 ] , indicating that they have a more significant role in controlling AppppN levels than does Hnt2.
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