Words similar to depressant
Example sentences for: depressant
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Our data clearly show that nalbuphine is a potent agonist at the μ opioid receptor with an efficacy similar to that of morphine, thus agreeing with in vivo data showing that morphine and nalbuphine are equally potent as analgesics [ 33 ] . However, other reports have described nalbuphine as a "mixed agonist/antagonist" with agonism at κ opioid receptors and antagonism at μ opioid receptors based on in vivo data [ 11 33 ] . This categorization is likely due to the fact that nalbuphine has been shown to reduce the ventilatory depressant effect of other opioids, while adding to their analgesic effect [ 33 ] . Nalbuphine is also used clinically to reduce the opioid-mediated side effects such as itching, without completely reversing the analgesic effects of the full agonists [ 34 35 36 ] . According to our data, although nalbuphine is clearly a potent agonist at μ receptors, its levels of agonism is significantly lower than the very efficacious drug fentanyl and the endogenous ligand β-endorphin.
Furthermore, depending on their binding affinities and electrophysiological properties, the mammalian toxins are sub-classified into α- and β- toxins [ 7 8 ] , and the insect-specific toxins are subdivided into excitatory, depressant and α- insect toxins [ 9 ] . Several toxins which specifically affect sodium and potassium channels have been extensively studied with respect to their structure, mode of action and pharmacological properties [ 4 6 10 ] . In addition to the two main groups of toxins, several other toxins targeted toward Ca 2+ [ 5 ] and Cl - [ 11 ] channels have also been isolated during the past decade.
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