Words similar to decarboxylase
Example sentences for: decarboxylase
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GABA is a well-documented neurotrophic agent involved in brain development [ 27 28 29 30 ] . Most of the work done on the effects of GABA and neural development has been done on embryos and embryonic tissue well past the neural tube stage [ 27 31 32 ] . However, there is evidence of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and GABA receptor expression about the time of neural tube formation [ 27 ] . Given that GABA is important to neural development, and the early developmental time frame of the GABA system, it is logical that agents active at the GABA receptor (ethanol, BDZs) can have adverse consequences on CNS development.
Some of these involve overlapping messages that have been previously described (for example, Dopa decarboxylase and CG10561 [ 45]); however, the vast majority were not previously known to overlap.
The transcript encoding ornithine decar-boxylase (ODC), a known androgen target that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in polyamine biosynthesis [ 26], was induced coordinately with enzymes that catalyze downstream steps in polyamine synthetic pathway (spermine synthase, spermidine/spermine N 1-acetyltransferase, and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase) (Figure 5c).
The cell surface expressed integrins can control this process by physically interacting with the extracellular matrix proteins and other cell surface proteins on endothelial cells lining the blood vessel wall [ 1 ] . These integrins signal adhesion and migration by communicating with several tyrosine kinases inside the cell, including the Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and Src family kinases [ 1 2 ] . Src kinases control the activation of FAK, as well as the tyrosine phosphorylation of critical substrates that regulate adhesion and migration [ 3 ] . Indeed, colon cancer cells with high metastatic potential have elevated levels of Src activity or activating mutations in the Src gene [ 4 5 ] . One Src substrate that is involved in regulating an important signaling node in this process is the adaptor protein p130 cas (Cas) [ 6 7 8 9 10 ] . Cas appears to play a central role in the transformation process by several oncogenes including ras, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), v-Src, v-crk, and Bcr-Abl, as these tumors all have elevated levels of tyrosine phosphorylated Cas [ 6 11 12 13 ] . Cells from mice that lack Cas have much reduced migration and are resistant to transformation by v-Src, while expression of Cas anti-sense RNA in cells transformed with ras, v-Src or ODC result in reversion of the transformed phenotype [ 11 14 15 ] . Furthermore, increased expression of Cas can rescue cell migration and adhesion in cells expressing the tumor suppressor PTEN, and can enhance cell migration and adhesion in normal cells, with a major role being played by the substrate domain [ 16 17 ] .
Many genes that are known to amplify in response to selection, primarily during anticancer drug treatments, were found to be present in multiple copies in mammalian genomes as well, in particular, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, glutamine synthetase and other anabolic enzymes, adenosine deaminase, ornithine decarboxylase, AMP deaminase, and N -acetyl glucosaminyltransferase [ 34, 46].
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