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Example sentences for: dapk
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The primers used for amplification of methylated and unmethylated promoters of genes RARB , TIMP3 , CDKN2A , p14 ARF , MGMT , DAPK , CDH1 , GSTP1 , APC promoter 1A, RB1 , MLH1 , TP73 , BRCA1 , FHIT , and HIC1 have been described previously http://pathology2.jhu.edu/pancreas/prim0425.htm#MSP; [ 32 47 48 49 ] . Methylated (MF and MR) and unmethylated (UF and UR) primers for RASSF1A promoter were designed according to Herman et al [ 46 ] and as described earlier [ 50 ] . PCR products were run on 2% agarose gels and visualized after ethidium bromide staining.
The CDH1 , DAPK , RARB , and HIC1 gene promoters were frequently methylated.
Such differences in the two major histologies have also been reported previously for DAPK , HIC1 , and APC genes [ 13 ] . However, we found CDH1 promoter methylation restricted to SCC in the present study, while Dong et al found methylation in both histological types [ 13 ] . This difference may be due to small number of AC patients we studied.
4%) have also reported a similar overall high frequency of promoter methylation [ 12 13 ] . We identified promoter methylation in >25% cases in CDH1 , DAPK , and RARB genes, while it was less frequent (10-25% cases) in HIC1 , FHIT , RASSF1A , and APC genes in CC patients.
Dong and co-workers also previously showed promoter methylation in 51% of CC [ 13 ] . DAPK is a positive mediator of the programmed cell death induced by gamma-interferon [ 21 ] . Loss of DAPK expression has been shown to occur in a number of human malignancies, primarily by promoter hypermethylation [ 11 ] . It has also been shown that loss of DAPK gene expression was associated with aggressive and metastatic phenotype in many tumor types [ 22 ] . In the present study, in addition to showing high frequency of promoter methylation of DAPK gene, we found a complete lack of expression in two of the methylated cell lines and four of 6 unmethylated cell lines.
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