Words similar to crohn
Example sentences for: crohn
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TNFα and TNFβ have been extensively studied and are involved in immune and pro-inflammatory responses, playing an important role in host defenses against infection and other disease states [ 4 5 6 7 ] . The biological effects of TNFα and TNFβ are mediated through the two membrane associated receptors, TNFR1 (p55) and TNFR2 (p75), that are expressed on the target cells [ 8 9 ] . The postulated pathogenic roles for TNF include sepsis and other bacterial and viral pathologies [ 10 11 12 ] , certain cancers [ 13 ] , metastasis [ 14 ] and chronic autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis [ 15 16 ] , multiple sclerosis [ 17 ] and Crohn's disease [ 18 ] . It is worth noting that TNFα mutants have been identified that selectively bind TNFR1.
Of the several putative susceptibility loci for Crohn's disease [ 2 3 4 5 6 7 ] and psoriasis [ 8 ] , the Crohn's locus on 16q between markers D16S409 and D16S419 (56.
IL-10, a cytokine produced by activated macrophages and Th2-type T cells, has crucial inhibitory effect against several Th-1 type immune responses, such as the antigen-presenting functions of monocytes and macrophages [ 52 53 ] . IL-10 may play an important role in preventing the induction of IBD, since animals deficient in IL-10 will develop colitis spontaneously, and low levels of IL-10 are positively correlated with recurrences of Crohn's disease [ 25 54 ] . However, unlike TNF-α based therapies, the administration of recombinant IL-10 (rIL-10) shows poor clinical efficacy.
ECAMs support several forms of leukocyte adhesion including rolling, firm adhesion and extravasation [ 1 ] . Infiltration of tissues by leukocytes is a common hallmark of many chronic inflammatory states that include the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and Crohn's disease (CD).
These findings assume clinical importance since they may explain in part the chronic and autoimmune pathologies in the elderly, particularly rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, sepsis, and myelodysplastic syndromes, which are exacerbated by the inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α [ 41 ] . Likewise, the elevation of these cytokines, particularly TNF-α potentially may contribute to the deterioration in the HIV +or AIDS patient by promoting wasting and cachexia [ 42 ] .
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