Words similar to cox-
Example sentences for: cox-
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This suggests that COX-2 RNA and/or protein turnover may be affected by IDO expression.
COX-2 is an inducible enzyme upregulated in inflammatory states [ 20 21 ] . Notably, many NSCLC and what have been characterized as "premalignant" lung lesions have been shown to constitutively express the COX-2 enzyme and produce prostaglandin E-2 (PGE-2), the primary product of the COX-2 pathway [ 22 23 24 25 26 ] . Importantly, PGE-2 production by tumor cells has been linked to tumor-induced immunosuppression in NSCLC [ 2 3 4 5 ] . PGE-2 has been shown to directly suppress T cell mediated immunity, the primary effector against tumor cells, at a variety of levels [ 2 3 4 5 6 7 ] . Further, PGE-2 has been shown to induce the IL10 in mononuclear cells [ 4 5 ] . IL10 is a prominent immunosuppressive cytokine that may have a dominant role in preventing innate antitumor responses in the NSCLC environment [ 2 3 4 5 ] , [ 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 ] . Among myriad suppressive effects on T cells and antigen presenting cells, IL10 is known to inhibit IL12 production [ 14 15 16 17 18 ] . IL12 plays a key role in the initiation and potentiation of cellular immune responses and alteration of the IL12 producing function in circulating mononuclear phagocytes may be a critical factor in suppressed T cell immunity to NSCLC [ 27 28 ] .
Similar transient increases in neutrophil chemotaxis and pulmonary TNF-α production have been described previously during experimentally induced endotoxemia [ 32 33 ] . These findings are consistent with the idea that chemotaxis and TNF-α production are important in early inflammatory responses of neutrophils [ 34 ] . In contrast, protein levels for COX-2 remained elevated for 48 hours after endotoxin administration.
Similar effects of PG E 2 on cell morphology have recently been reported in the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK 293, which overexpressed COX-2 and PG E 2 synthase [ 35].
Because the expression of COX-2 is associated with key pathophysiologic event(s) in Alzheimer's disease [ 53 54 55 ] , the significant increase in COX-2 expression in the frontal cortex may be relevant to the cognitive decline seen in the Phyto-600 males.
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