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Example sentences for: cos-
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RP L4/L1 transcripts, which were not significantly affected by NGF, are selectively upregulated in PC12 cells prior to 5 aza cytosine-induced death and over-expression of this gene in COS-7 cells induces apoptosis [ 39 ] . Over-expression of L7, L13A, S29 have been also reported to induce apoptosis [ 40 41 ] . In the present study, NGF promoted little if any change in expression of these RP transcripts.
Transfection of v-crk along with gst-JNK into Cos-7 cells resulted in activation of the co-transfected JNK (Fig.
cDNA transfection of COS-1 cells and measurement of IP 3production
In this report, we questioned whether the EGFR acts as a surrogate scaffold during ERK activation through the δ-OR, as it appears to do for several other GPCRs [ 7 ] . To act as a surrogate-binding site for complex formation, the literature states that this protein must first become tyrosine-phosphorylated [ 7 ] . Tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGFR is apparent after agonist stimulation of the α 2 -AR (COS-7), β 2 -AR (COS-7), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1; COS-7), substance P, and the lysophosphatidic acid receptor (LPAR) [ 7 ] . In addition, each of the aforementioned ligands also increases ERK phosphorylation when the proper receptor is expressed in these cell lines.
cDNA representing the rat GnRH receptor was cloned into pcDNA3 as described and validated previously [ 22 23 ] . cDNAs representing RGS3 and RGS3T (RGS3 amino acids 314-519) were cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector, rcCMV, as described [ 24 ] . COS-1 cells cultured as detailed before [ 23 ] were co-transfected with GnRH receptor cDNA and RGS3 or RGS3T cDNA using Lipofectamine (Life Technologies, Gaithersburg, MD) [ 23 ] , and 72 h later, treated with 10 -7M GnRH-A for 0, 10, 20, or 30 sec before being collected for IP 3 measurements [ 22 23 ] .
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