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Example sentences for: comt
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As an initial assessment of this approach, we chose four candidate genes (DRD4, DAT1, COMT and MAOA) that are among the most widely studied and repeatedly associated with various psychiatric disorders where attention is found to be disrupted.
In the prefrontal cortex, the breakdown of synaptic dopamine through the COMT pathway is more critical since PFC is characterized by greater extracellular diffusion & slower clearance of dopamine than elsewhere in the brain [ 53 ] . The most widely examined polymorphisms in COMT were identified by Lachman [ 54 ] who found a G-to-A change at codons 108 and 158 of the COMT gene, resulting in Valine-to-Methionine substitutions which account for 3- to 4-fold differences in COMT activity in red blood cells and liver.
The Valine allele was shown to be preferentially transmitted to ADHD probands and was associated with impulsive false alarm errors on a continuous performance task [ 56 ] . Several studies on obsessive compulsive disorder have found associations with COMT [ 57 58 59 60 ] . Associations with bipolar disorder [ 61 ] and temperamental dimensions [ 62 ] have also been reported.
A recent finding showed that COMT genotype was related to performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test of executive cognition [ 55 ] . In addition, those subjects with the Methionine alleles needed less prefrontal cortical activity, as judged by fMRI, to show the same level of performance on the N-back task.
Prior reports of sex differences in COMT expression in humans [ 77 ] as well as effects of gender on behavior in COMT loss-of-function mouse models [ 78 ] and reports of preferential transmission of the low activity Methionine alleles in females with OCD [ 79 ] suggested that gender could interact with ANT performance.
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