Words similar to cogs
Example sentences for: cogs
How can you use “cogs” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
The information on orthologous genes in prokaryotic genomes and the yeast genome was derived from the COGs as in the previous approach, and the orthology data were similarly represented as a 0/1 matrix of presence-absence of the analyzed genomes in the COGs.
In contrast, the fusion of the pair of domains from the same COGs seen in D. radiodurans seems to be an independent event because, in both trees, the D. radiodurans branch is in the middle of the bacterial cluster (Figure 2a,2b).
Although it has been indicated that no DHPS could be detected in archaeal genomes [ 25], orthologs of bacterial DHPS are readily identifiable in all archaea; this enzyme is missing only in animals and in several intracellular bacterial pathogens, such as Rickettsia prowazekii, spirochetes and mycoplasmas (COG0294 in the database of Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COGs)) [ 26].
Here, we compare the topologies produced with five, largely independent approaches to genome-tree building: i) presence-absence of genomes in Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COGs); ii) conservation of local gene order (pairs of adjacent genes) among prokaryotic genomes; iii) distribution of percent identity between apparent orthologs; iv) sequence conservation in concatenated alignments of ribosomal proteins; v) comparative analysis of multiple trees reconstructed for representative protein families.
This was done by ensuring that putative orthologous proteins did not show a greater similarity to any paralogs or proteins from more distant species than they did to the proteins included in the analyzed COGs.
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