Words similar to cntf
Example sentences for: cntf
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[ 5 ] . BDNF transiently stabilizes silent NM synapses during the period of transition from polyneuronal to mononeuronal innervation of skeletal muscle fibers [ 6 ] . BDNF and CNTF cooperatively affect efficiency of embryonic xenopus neuromuscular synapses in culture [ 7 8 ] . BDNF stimulates transmitter release from neuromuscular synapses [ 9 ] and enhances the efficiency of transmission at the neuromuscular synapse [ 10 ] . BDNF, together with NT-3, can restore neuregulin levels and a normal distribution of AchR at the neuromuscular junction blocked with curare [ 11 ] . BDNF, in conjunction with fibronectin, increases spontaneous synaptic currents in the cultured embryonic xenopus neuromuscular junction [ 12 ] . BDNF down-regulates AchR clustering, most likely by binding to TrkB expressed in myocytes [ 13 ] . BDNF downregulates agrin levels in muscle but increases neuregulin in ventral horn spinal motor neurons at the time when they form neuromuscular synapses [ 14 ] .
The ligands ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) and a novel neurotrophin set, known alternatively as NNT-1/BSF3 and CLF/CLC, also function through the high affinity LIFR:gp130 heterodimeric receptor but require a third ligand-binding but non-signaling subunit [ 1 2 3 4 ] . Oncostatin M (OSM) utilizes LIFR:gp130 as an alternative receptor complex for OSM signaling in humans [ 5 ] , but not in mice [ 6 ] . Thus, in mice LIFR:gp130 is obligatory for signaling induced by LIF, CNTF, CT-1 and CLF/CLC.
LIF and CNTF stimulate muscle regeneration in vivo [ 62 63 ] , as do other growth factors; such as insulin-like growth factor [ 64 65 ] . The power of LIF to regenerate muscle is seen in dystrophin null mdx mice, where exogenous LIF regenerates atrophied diaphragm muscle [ 66 ] . LIF induced signaling appears to be essential in muscle development as seen by muscle atrophy in the absence of LIFR on E18.
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