Words similar to chlorogenic
Example sentences for: chlorogenic
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utilis) that produce a dose-related increase in the clotting time of blood induced by carpet viper venom ( Echis carinatus ) would be useful against bites from Bothrops species that cause haemorrhage at the point of injection due to the inhibition of the clotting mechanism [ 40 ] . Antivenom compounds so far isolated from plants include protocatechuic acid, a catechin-gallo-catechin tannin, caffeic acid derivatives (chlorogenic acid, cynarin), coumarins (bergapten), flavonoids (rutin, isoscutellarein, kaempferol, quercetin, hesperidin), ar-turmerone, alkaloids (aristolochic acid), triterpenoids, triterpenes, coumestans (wedelolactone), sterols (sitosterol, stigmasterol, beta-amyrin), triterpenoid glycosides, alkaloids (allantoin) and lignoflavonoids [ 43 40 44 42 ] . Many relevant compounds are widely distributed nitrogen-free, low molecular weight compounds (except aristolochic acid, an untypical non-basic, nitro-derivative) [ 38 ] . The structural similarities of certain plant chemicals found in plants used for snakebites are an isoflavone skeleton, acidic nature and dioxygenated functionality [ 44 ] .
Saccharum officinarum is used medicinally in Eastern Nicaragua and in the Caribbean for infections, chills, fever, rashes and sores [ 122 53 ] . Chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid and p-cumaric acid have been found in the plant [ 128 129 ] .
Crushed leaves of Nicotiana tabacum are applied to wounds in Guatemala [ 63 ] . The steam vapour was a general cure-all in Latin America and the Caribbean [ 16 104 ] . Historically, powdered tobacco was burnt on the blade of a paddle as a propitiatory offering to the local boa snake ( Constrictor orophias ) [ 16 ] . The plant contains nicotine, malic and citric acids, phenolic acids (chlorogenic, quinic, nicotinic), flavonoids (rutoside), coumarins and enzymes [ 81 ] . Presumably the nicotine in the dog's nose would act as a stimulant.
Sambucus species were recorded in Egyptian papyri as being of ancient use [ 104 ] . Flower decoctions of Sambucus species are used for open sores and in baths as emollients; and leaves are used in poultices on bruises, wounds and sores in France, Spain, Turkey, Madeira and Porto Santo [ 123 124 125 ] . Plant compounds found in Sambucus simpsonii flower are caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, mucilage, potassium nitrate and rutoside [ 50 ] . Some of these plant compounds have anti-inflammatory properties.
Stimulation of the immune system might also contribute to reducing the effects of snakebites and improvement in recovery from envemomization by contributing to a more rapid removal of the venom [ 11 ] . Chlorogenic acid acts as an antidote by binding to proteins through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds [ 41 ] . It presents anticomplementary action at the classical pathway [ 41 ] . Analgesic properties like those provided by tropane alkaloids would also lessen the pain of the bite, as would compounds that act as sedatives and tranquilisers [ 40 ] .
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