Words similar to cartilage
Example sentences for: cartilage
How can you use “cartilage” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Because of the blind nature of the biopsy technique used in the present study, we did not specifically sample areas of synovium directly adjacent to cartilage and bone.
For instance, IL-1-degraded cartilage tissues and cell suspensions are frequently employed as model systems to study cartilage metabolism under osteoarthritis-like conditions [ 1 2 3 4 ] and to assess the efficacy of various drug therapies [ 5 6 7 8 9 ] . IL-1 signals cells via cell surface receptors to upregulate proteases, matrix metalloproteinases and aggrecanase, while downregulating matrix metalloproteinase inhibition and proteoglycan synthesis [ 10 11 ] . The ultimate effect of these metabolic changes include damage to the ECM, loss of ECM components (especially proteoglycan), and alteration of the normal balance of catabolic and anabolic processes that regulate cartilage ECM composition.
dGEMRIC = delayed gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage; ECM = extracellular matrix; GAG = glycosaminoglycan; IL = interleukin; NMR = nuclear magnetic resonance.
Several metalloproteinases that are capable of the proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrix are thought to play a major role in the dissolution of the bone and cartilage matrix, allowing the invasive cells to migrate into the stroma across cell boundaries.
Evidence has accumulated to suggest that chemokines, such as CXCL8 (IL-8), CXCL5 (epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating protein), CCL2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), CCL3 (macrophage inflammatory protein-1α) and CCL5 (RANTES), direct the migration of leukocytes into the RA synovium and joint fluid [ 8 ] . Chemokines occur in significantly elevated levels in human RA synovial fluid, where they are biologically active, and are expressed by cells of the synovium and cartilage.
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