Words similar to carrageenan
Example sentences for: carrageenan
How can you use “carrageenan” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Aristolochia rugosa and Aristolochia trilobata are recorded in a list of plants used worldwide and in the West Indies, Venezuela, South and Central America against snakebites and scorpion stings [ 51 52 24 43 40 53 ] . Caribs in Guatemala use Aristolochia trilobata root and tuber decoctions for stomach pains and use leaf tinctures for diarrhoea [ 55 ] . Aristolochic acid inhibits inflammation induced by immune complexes, and nonimmunological agents (carrageenan or croton oil) [ 56 ] . Aristolochic acid inhibits the activity of snake venom phospholipase (PLA 2 ) by forming a 1:1 complex with the enzyme [ 56 40 38 ] . Since phospholipase enzymes play a significant part in the cascade leading to the inflammatory and pain response, their inhibition could lead to relief of problems from scorpion envenomation [ 11 ] .
4show that carrageenan, cellulose sulfate, dextran sulfate, poly(napthalene sulfonate) and poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) all elicit gp41 six-helix bundle formation in HIV-1 IIIB but somewhat less effectively in comparison with CAP.
In repeated experiments with HIV-1 IIIB, soluble and micronized CAP, cellulose sulfate, poly(naphthalene sulfonate), poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) and BufferGel, respectively, caused a ≥ 140-fold reduction in infectivity, while dextran sulfate, carrageenan and Carbomer 974P (pH 7), respectively, were less effective (4- to 25-fold reduction in infectivity).
The gel used, as modulator is a soluble mixture of purified type A gelatin from porcine skin and a polysaccharide, type III carrageenan K in nanopure water [ 17 ] . Both components are commercially available for laboratory use (Sigma Chemical Co, St Louis, Mo).
Such activity was reported for dextran sulfate after 2 h incubation with HIV-1 [ 2 ] but results of other studies indicated that dextran sulfate failed to neutralize virus infectivity [ 4 10 ] . Inactivation of HIV-1 by carrageenan was reported in a review article [ 18 ] . BufferGel is virucidal against HIV-1 by providing a buffered low pH environment (pH 3.9 [ 25 ] ), but virus inactivation might be incomplete and possibly compromised by minor pH increases due to the presence of seminal fluid [ 40 ] . To be effective in preventing infection by direct virus inactivation, anti-HIV-1 microbicides must be virucidal against both X4 and R5 viruses, utilizing CXCR4 and CCR5 as coreceptors [ 39 41 ] , respectively, R5 HIV-1 being most frequently sexually transmitted.
Loading...