Words similar to budding
Example sentences for: budding
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For example, Pop1p is involved in the control of the RNA levels of the cyclin Cig2p [ 33 ] . While it is unclear whether this effect is mediated at the level of transcription or mRNA stability, the budding yeast F-box protein Met30p was recently shown to regulate the ubiquitylation and activity, but not degradation, of the transcription factor Met4p [ 34 ] . In addition, pop1 mutants display an increased rate of chromosome loss, a phenotype that is not easily explained by accumulation of Rum1p and Cdc18p [ 23 ] . Finally, pop1 mutants are sensitive to UV irradiation, whereas pop2 mutants are not (D.
When cells harboring conditional-lethal temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations in any of these proteins are shifted to the restrictive temperature, they uniformly arrest in late anaphase as large-budded cells with segregated chromosomes, fully elongated microtubule spindles, and in all tested cases, elevated Cdc28/Clb2 protein kinase activity (Cdc28 is the major cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1 and Clb2 the major mitosis-specific cyclin of budding yeast) (reviewed in [ 1 ] , [ 2 ] ).
Budding yeast lacking PPT1 do not exhibit obvious growth defects or detectable phenotypes [ 2 ] . Disruption of PPT1 together with one of the other known phosphatases in budding yeast also reveals no obvious phenotype [ 23 ] . Thus, if Ppt1p has an essential function in S. cerevisiae , more than one other phosphatase can also carry out this role.
Interestingly, Clb2 was rapidly and efficiently degraded upon reversal of the cdc15-2 block regardless of whether cycloheximide was present (Figure 1) although both cytokinesis and cell separation require protein synthesis [ 42 ] . This observation suggests that the exit from mitosis in budding yeast may be controlled by mechanisms fundamentally similar to those employed by animal cells, which proceed through mitosis with highly condensed, transcriptionally silent chromosomes.
The idea developed above that F-box protein compartmentalization contributes to substrate selection was recently confirmed directly for Cdc4p-mediated degradation of Far1p in budding yeast [ 35 ] . Both, Cdc4p and Far1p are nuclear proteins in vegetative cells, owing to the presence of nuclear localization signals (NLS).
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