Words similar to bothrops
Example sentences for: bothrops
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One example is the use of leaves from various species of Aristolochia to treat snakebites [ 24 21 ] . The triangular head of a Bothrops viper is similar in size and shape to many Aristolochia species leaves [ 24 ] . The serpentine coloration of the flowers of the Aristolochia vines also suggests the use as tourniquets to prevent the spread of snake venom and the use of the leaves in anti-snakebite potions [ 25 ] . The Doctrine of Signatures is also seen in the plants used as "beenas" or "turals" which are supposed to have patterns on their leaves resembling different forest animals [ 3 ] . The beena for lappe had typical white markings similar to those of the lappe, while the beena for quenk had a leaf with a small secondary leaf under the surface that resembled either the scent gland of the quenk or its nostril tip [ 20 ] . Medicinal plants are collected on Good Friday in Almería, Spain [ 26 ] .
utilis) that produce a dose-related increase in the clotting time of blood induced by carpet viper venom ( Echis carinatus ) would be useful against bites from Bothrops species that cause haemorrhage at the point of injection due to the inhibition of the clotting mechanism [ 40 ] . Antivenom compounds so far isolated from plants include protocatechuic acid, a catechin-gallo-catechin tannin, caffeic acid derivatives (chlorogenic acid, cynarin), coumarins (bergapten), flavonoids (rutin, isoscutellarein, kaempferol, quercetin, hesperidin), ar-turmerone, alkaloids (aristolochic acid), triterpenoids, triterpenes, coumestans (wedelolactone), sterols (sitosterol, stigmasterol, beta-amyrin), triterpenoid glycosides, alkaloids (allantoin) and lignoflavonoids [ 43 40 44 42 ] . Many relevant compounds are widely distributed nitrogen-free, low molecular weight compounds (except aristolochic acid, an untypical non-basic, nitro-derivative) [ 38 ] . The structural similarities of certain plant chemicals found in plants used for snakebites are an isoflavone skeleton, acidic nature and dioxygenated functionality [ 44 ] .
The severity of envenoming depends on the species and length of the snake, the toxicity of the venom and the amount inoculated [ 37 ] . Also important are physical activity after the bite and the physical characteristics of the victim [ 37 ] . The severity of bites from Bothrops laceolatus in Martinique is increased due to the primary bacterial infection from bacteria present in the oral cavity of the snake ( Aeromonas hydrophila , Morganella morganii , Proteus vulgaris and Clostridium species) [ 37 ] . This means that antibiotic treatment is sometimes necessary [ 32 ] .
Renealmia alpinia plant contains diterpenes and proanthocyanins [ 65 121 ] . Decoctions or external baths of Renealmia alpinia rhizome are used by traditional healers for snakebites in the northwest region of Colombia and in Amazonian Ecuador [ 28 139 ] . An ethanolic extract of Renealmia alpinia rhizomes demonstrated moderate to full neutralising capacity of Bothrops atrox venom within 48 hours when it was i.p.
The in vitro myotoxicity of the crotalid venoms venoms ( Bothrops jararaca , Bothrops jararacussu and Lachesis muta ) and myotoxins (bothropstoxin, bothropasin and crotoxin) was neutralised by simultaneous exposure of isolated skeletal muscles to an aqueous extract of Eclipta prostrata or to wedelolactone, stigmaterol and sitosterol.
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