Words similar to bmal
Example sentences for: bmal
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Deletion of the cryptochromes disinhibits the transcriptional activation of CLOCK:BMAL1 and NPAS2:BMAL1 target genes, resulting in increased levels of their transcripts in the SCN, liver, and retina [ 20 23 25 ] . We assayed the expression in the brain of three genes that are known targets of cryptochrome mediated transcriptional inhibition: albumin D-binding protein ( dbp [ 26 ] ), period (per)1 , and per2 [ 20 23 27 ] , in the middle of the daily light period.
We also measured the expression of five other circadian genes: bmal1 , clock , npas2 , per3 , and casein kinase -1-ε ( csnk1e ) in the cortex; the levels of these five mRNAs were not affected by SD (data not shown).
In the discussion, we have focused on per1,2 mRNAs as transcriptional targets of cry1,2 because the expression patterns of these circadian genes have been widely described and because their transcriptional control by CRY proteins and by CLOCK/NPAS2:BMAL1 has been well established.
Recently, the search for components of the vertebrate circadian system has led to the identification of homologues of period [ 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12] and timeless [ 13, 14, 15, 16], originally characterized as central clock genes in Drosophila , as well as Clock and Bmal1 ( Cycle ), identified initially in the mouse [ 17, 18, 19, 20, 21].
The high per levels in cry1,2 -/-mice and the low per levels in clock mutant mice [ 26 47 ] correlate with their contrasting sleep phenotype (see above; [ 34 ] ). In this context, the sleep abnormalities in dbp -/-mice might also be related to a reduction in per expression since, at least in vitro , DBP can amplify the CLOCK:BMAL1-induced transcription of per [ 48 ] , but it is not known whether per transcript levels are altered in dbp -/-mice.
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