Words similar to blood-brain
Example sentences for: blood-brain
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Mefloquine has been found to alter calcium flux, into and out of, isolated skeletal muscle and brain microsomes, via an inhibitory effect of the compound on the ER calcium pump and calcium release channels (IC 50 of 42-43 uM, [ 27 28 ] ). Plasma mefloquine concentrations (therapeutic dosing) may reach 21 μM [ 18 ] and the drug crosses the blood-brain barrier, accumulating to concentrations in excess of 50 and 90 μM in the brains of humans and rats respectively [ 19 20 ] . Therefore, these biochemical effects occur at concentrations within a relevant physiological range.
Although at the present time it is difficult to comment on the pathophysiological significance of increased MMP-9 release, it is perhaps noteworthy that increased MMP-9 expression has been correlated with increased apoptosis [ 52 ] and increased microvascular permeability [ 53 ] , events possibly involved in the opening of the blood-brain barrier [ 54 ] and potential injury to the brain [ 50 ] .
This finding suggests that the underlying abnormality is present at the luminal side of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) complex and is due to an abnormality of the cerebral vessels since it is unlikely that α-galactosidase A crosses the BBB to any appreciable extent.
[ 21 ] ), a growing body of research also suggests that there might be increased vulnerability during the neonatal period [ 15 16 17 ] . The fact that the blood-brain barrier is incomplete [ 34 ] , provides a putative explanation as to why neonates and fetal mice in utero appear to be more sensitive to neurotoxins like domoic acid than adult animals [ 35 36 37 ] . Although microglia contribute to circa 10% of the total glial cell population in the central nervous system (For review see Ref.
Clozapine is metabolized mainly at the liver resulting in several metabolites [ 5 14 ] . One of the major metabolites, N-desmethylclozapine has been shown to have pharmacological activity both in vitro [ 28 ] and in vivo in rats [ 29 ] . In addition, N-desmethylclozapine is found in large concentrations in the serum of schizophrenic patients [ 5 15 ] and in rats [ 30 ] . The contribution of N-desmethylclozapine to clozapine's central effects has been questioned recently, since the levels of N-desmethylclozapine in the brain were much lower than those of clozapine [ 30 ] suggesting that N-desmethylclozapine does not cross the blood-brain barrier as readily as clozapine.
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