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Example sentences for: bifunctional
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Examples are the bifunctional proteins ThrA (aspartokinase I and homoserine dehydrogenase I) and MetL (aspartokinase II and homoserine dehydrogenase II) where only the amino-terminal modules representing the kinase activities have been identified on the basis of their sequence similarity to the E. coli unimodular aspartokinase III (LysC).
When two paralogs of such a bifunctional gene are produced by duplication, each may be driven by positive selection to specialize in one of these functions, which it performs more efficiently than the ancestor gene, leading to the creation of two indispensable genes with distinct functions [ 11].
These same organisms also possess AroQ•PheA bifunctional proteins whose AroQ domains also form a cohesive homology grouping.
D. discoideum enzymes, MHCK-B [ 17 ] and MHCK-C (GenBank accession AAC31918, and [ 18 ] ). Several enzymes present in mammalian systems are now recognized as having the same conserved catalytic domain, including the eEF-2 kinases [ 19 ] [ 20 ] and TRP-PLIK, a bifunctional protein with kinase and ion channel activities [ 21 ] . Biochemical analysis with MHCK-B has confirmed that this enzyme phosphorylates D. discoideum myosin II in vitro [ 17 22 ] ). Analysis reported here confirms that MHCK-C also readily phosphorylates D. discoideum myosin II in vitro, supporting a possible direct role for this enzyme in myosin II localization control in vivo.
GSPS is a bifunctional enzyme: its synthase domain carries out the ATP-dependent fusion of two glutathione moieties to the polyamine spermidine to form the antioxidant metabolite GSP, while its amidase domain hydrolyzes the amide linkage to release glutathione and spermidine [ 26, 55, 56].
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