Example sentences for: bacteriophages

How can you use “bacteriophages” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:

  • Such searches, with Redβ proteins from different lambdoid bacteriophages as queries, retrieved not only other obvious Redβ homologs, but also the RecT protein family.

  • The RDRPs of RNA viruses define one major lineage of nucleic acid polymerases, which additionally includes reverse transcriptases, archaeo-eukaryotic DNA polymerases, and nucleotide cyclases [ 8 9 10 11 12 13 ] . The DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of certain bacteriophages, such as T7, and the archaeo-eukaryotic primase (also detected in some bacteria) are divergent derivatives of the same fold [ 11 14 ] . The core catalytic domain of all these enzymes, the so-called "palm" domain, has an RNA-recognition motif (RRM)-like fold with strategically placed metal-coordinating residues, which form the active site [ 11 15 16 ] . In contrast, bacterial DnaG-type primases (also present in archaea and some eukaryotes) contain a polymerase domain of the Rossmann-like TOPRIM fold, which is shared with topoisomerases and OLD-family nucleases [ 17 18 19 ] . The recently solved structures of the DDRPs from yeast and the thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus indicate that the β' subunit (according to the subunit nomenclature of Escherichia coli DDRP, which we hereinafter employ to designate all orthologs of the respective E. coli subunits) of these enzymes defines another distinct catalytic scaffold, which is unrelated to any of the above template-dependent RNA polymerases [ 20 21 22 23 24 ] . Additionally, the structural and evolutionary affinities of two other template-dependent RNA polymerases, namely RDRPs involved in PTGS [ 25 26 27 ] and primases of herpesviruses [ 28 ] , remain obscure.

  • Some of these enzymes are also encoded by bacteriophages and are used to degrade the host cell wall [ 9, 10, 11].

  • Subsequently, this enzyme apparently has been expunged from the cellular RNA synthesis systems and survived only in some parasitic elements, such as bacteriophages, through which it might have been reintroduced into the genome of an ancestral eukaryote.

  • The majority of the domains with which the KilA-N and Bro-N domains combine in multidomain proteins are restricted to proteins encoded by temperate bacteriophages and large eukaryotic DNA viruses (the exceptions are a few domains that are common in cellular proteomes, such as HTH, CCCH and RING finger).


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