Words similar to avr
Example sentences for: avr
How can you use “avr” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
PR-5 gene expression in spite of the absence of a functional avr gene, the absence of PCD, and mutations in both the NPR1 and NDR1 genes.
The Arabidopsis ndr1-1 mutant showed drastically impaired induction of SAR and PR-1 gene expression in response to infection with Pseudomonas syringae bacteria carrying the avirulence ( avr ) gene avrRpt2 [ 4 ] . This mutant is also incapable of showing a hypersensitive response (HR) to these bacteria [ 5 6 ] except at very high levels of inoculum [ 7 ] . The HR is a macroscopic leaf collapse.
However, induction of SA accumulation by ndr1-1 mutant plants was impaired at early time points to a similar extent in response to bacteria carrying either avr gene [ 4 ] . These results suggested that at least two pathways control SAR and PR-1 gene expression.
The high levels of inoculum used in the cited study can only be used without causing "false positive" HRs if a bacterial strain that is not a pathogen of Arabidopsis is used to deliver the avr gene product [ 5 7 ] . When sid2 plants were inoculated with 1 × 10 8mL -1of a nonpathogen strain ( P. syringae pv.
However, we have argued on the basis of results with ndr1 mutant plants that HR "triggering" in response to the avrRpt2 / RPS2 combination is weaker than that in response to avrB / RPM1 [ 4 ] . Weaker "triggering" results in a lower probability of individual cells undergoing PCD early in the HR, prior to the onset of potentiation caused by increased SA levels [ 4 12 ] . Signaling elicited by avrRpt2 clearly differs in many respects from that directed by the other avr genes.
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