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Example sentences for: ases
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In plant cells V-ATPases are responsible for the deacidification of the cytosol and the energization of secondary transport processes across the tonoplast, as well as in the endocytotic and secretory pathways [ 12 ] . In addition, the vacuolar type ATPase is thought to be primarily responsible for the acidification and expansion of the large central vacuole [ 12 13 14 15 ] . In plants a critical event in growth and development is the maturation and expansion of the central vacuole.
These isoforms may be required to provide unique functions or regulatory constraints within the varied micro-compartments requiring V-ATPases [ 26 27 34 39 43 ] . In addition, different isoforms may be responsible for targeting to varied subcellular compartments [ 10 26 28 36 41 44 47 ] . Furthermore, it is possible that gene family members may behave in a differential manner with respect to environmental stress [ 36 ] .
The limited work done to evaluate the role of V-ATPases in drought stress has provided conflicting results.
The archaeal and the vacuolar ATPase are both homologous to the bacterial F-ATPases, but the level of sequence similarity with the F-ATPases is much lower than between the V- and the A-ATPases.
The structure of the bovine mitochondrial F 1 -ATPase has been determined by X-ray crystallography [ 30 ] . The intein insertion points in the yeasts' V-ATPase and the Thermoplasma and Pyrococcus A-ATPases correspond to the catalytic site where the ATP binds and is hydrolyzed during the catalytic cycle.
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