Words similar to amelioration
Example sentences for: amelioration
How can you use “amelioration” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Once in the tissue, monocytes undergo the poorly understood process of transformation to macrophages with altered morphology and function [ 19 ] . In arthritis, synovial macrophages might cause joint destruction by differentiating to bone-resorbing osteoclasts [ 20 ] or by releasing cartilage-degrading enzymes and cytokines, such as interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α [ 8 ] . It has therefore been suggested that therapies for chronic arthritis should be aimed at depleting joint mononuclear cells or controlling the activation of synovial macrophages [ 21 ] . Indeed, elimination of macrophages by clodronate-laden liposomes in rat models of adjuvant [ 22 ] and antigen-induced arthritis [ 23 ] induces amelioration of the arthritis.
5B) would be expected to lead to significant amelioration of obese phenotypes, consistent with effects of adrenalectomy on other forms of obesity [ 3 4 5 6 7 ] . Indeed adrenalectomy initially led to a greater loss of body weight after surgery in the diet-induced obese mice (results in text above).
However, analyses in which synteny and phylogenetic information were also considered suggest that codon bias and G+C content are poor indicators of HGT [ 45 ] . A role for 'amelioration', whereby structural characteristics of the foreign gene are eventually homogenized to resemble those of the recipient species, has been assumed, but the rate was postulated to be the same as the rate of random, forward mutation [ 42 ] . In addition to alterations in codon usage (as reflected in G+C content), for a bacterial gene to function efficiently in a nematode presumably requires acquisition of regulatory elements (including a promoter) and structural elements (including a poly(A) tail and, optionally, a trans -spliced leader).
It is possible that a careful phylogenetic analysis comparing rates of evolution of Meloidogyne genes acquired by HGT with those present in the more ancient nematode lineage, might shed light on the rate of amelioration of gene structure following inter-kingdom HGT.
Presumably, it was sufficiently recent that significant amelioration to the genomic GC content has not yet occurred.
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